What amendment granted citizenship to black individuals?

The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868, is the constitutional provision that granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves. This was a significant outcome of the Civil War and the Reconstruction Era, addressing the legal status of newly freed African Americans. It established that citizenship could not be denied based on race or previous condition of servitude. Additionally, the amendment included important clauses that ensured equal protection under the laws and due process, contributing to the rights and protections afforded to all citizens.

In contrast, the other amendments mentioned serve different purposes: the 13th Amendment abolished slavery, the 15th Amendment granted African American men the right to vote, and the 1st Amendment protects freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition. Therefore, the 14th Amendment is specifically focused on citizenship, making it the correct answer.