What term refers to local politics that cater to immigrant needs for power?

The term "Political Machines" accurately describes local political organizations that emerged in various cities, particularly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, which were known for catering to the needs of immigrants in exchange for political support. These organizations operated on a system of patronage, offering services like jobs, housing, and social support to newly arrived immigrants, which helped them integrate into American society.

Political machines often held significant influence over local governments and elections, as they were able to mobilize immigrant votes through personal connections and community engagement. They created a network of loyalty and support by addressing the immediate needs of immigrant populations, such as access to social services and representation in governance.

In contrast, political parties are broader entities that encompass various issues and candidate support across different demographics, while campaign networks may involve specific electoral strategies but don't focus on immigrant needs specifically. Community organizations often work at a grassroots level but may not be directly involved in the political machinery that drives local governance and elections. Thus, "Political Machines" is the correct term to describe the local political dynamics that catered specifically to immigrants seeking power and representation.