Which economic activity characterized the Open Range in Texas?

The Open Range in Texas was characterized primarily by ranching, which involved the extensive grazing of cattle on unconfined public lands. During the late 19th century, cattle ranching became a prominent economic activity as the demand for beef rose, particularly driven by growing urban areas and an expanding rail network that allowed for the transportation of cattle to markets. The vast and arid landscape of Texas provided ideal conditions for open-range cattle herding, where ranchers could move their herds without the constraints of fenced properties.

This system of ranching led to the rise of iconic figures such as cowboys, who were essential in driving cattle along trails to railheads for shipment. The Open Range era also had a significant impact on Texas culture, creating traditions, folklore, and a distinctive way of life centered around cattle ranching.

Farming, mining, and forestry were indeed activities present in Texas, but they did not define the Open Range experience as ranching did during that historical period.