Which of the following acts specifically address dissent towards government policies during wartime?

The Alien and Sedition Acts were a series of laws passed in the late 18th century, specifically in 1798, aimed at curbing dissent against the federal government, particularly during a time of impending war with France. These acts made it more difficult for immigrants to become citizens and allowed for the arrest and deportation of non-citizens deemed dangerous, as well as the criminalization of speech that criticized the government. This reflected a significant effort to suppress opposition and ensure national security during a period of heightened tensions.

In contrast, the other acts mentioned do not primarily focus on dealing with dissent during wartime. The Homestead Act was designed to promote westward expansion by providing land; the Emancipation Proclamation was a wartime measure that freed slave labor in Confederate states; and the Federal Reserve Act established the central banking system in the U.S. Therefore, the Alien and Sedition Acts specifically targeted government dissent and criticism, especially in the context of national security during conflict.