Which philosopher is noted for advocating class struggle in society?

Karl Marx is noted for advocating class struggle in society, which is a fundamental component of his theory of historical materialism. According to Marx, the social and economic structure of society is largely determined by class relations and conflicts. He argued that history is marked by a series of conflicts between different social classes, primarily between the bourgeoisie (the capital-owning class) and the proletariat (the working class). This class struggle, as Marx articulated, drives social change and development, ultimately leading to the overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a classless society.

Marx's ideas suggest that understanding society requires an examination of how class conflicts shape economic, political, and social structures, which has influenced various political movements and ideologies throughout history. His collaboration with Friedrich Engels also helped to popularize these concepts, which remain central to many discussions about class and inequality today.

In contrast, intellectuals like John Stuart Mill focused on individual liberty and utilitarianism, while Benedict Anderson examined nationalism rather than class struggle. Therefore, Marx's emphasis on class conflict distinctly positions him as the key figure in advocating for the importance of class struggle in understanding societal dynamics.